Japanese grammar

Japanese grammar N5: 88 patterns on the JLPT framework

All 88 grammar patterns at N5 level (estimated on the JLPT framework) on GoMe. Open a pattern to see its structure, meaning, example sentences with furigana and common mistakes.

～は～ですA is B (polite statement)
～じゃありませんis not ~ (polite negative of です)
～か（question）~, right? (turns a statement into a question)
これ・それ・あれthis one / that one / that one over there
この・その・あのthis ~ / that ~ / that ~ over there (before a noun)
ここ・そこ・あそこhere / there / over there (place)
～の（possession/modification）~'s (connects two nouns)
～も~ too; also ~
何・だれ・いつ・どこ（question words）what / who / when / where
～ましょうlet's ~ (invitation)
～ませんかwon't you ~? (polite invitation)
～くださいplease ~ / give me ~
～があります／～がいますthere is/are ~ (existence)
数字（numbers 1-100）basic numbers
助数詞（counters: ～つ・～人・～本・～枚）counter words
時間（hours and minutes）how to tell time
曜日（days of the week）the days of the week
～から～までfrom ~ to ~
～と（listing）~ and ~ (connects nouns)
～や~ and ~ (lists examples, not exhaustive)
～を（object marker）particle marking the direct object
～が（subject marker）particle marking the subject
～に（point in time）at ~ (a specific point in time)
～に（existence location / destination）at ~ (existence) / to ~ (destination)
～で（location of action）at ~ (where the action takes place)
～へtoward ~ (direction)
～で（means・tool）by/with ~ (means, tool, material)
～と（with）together with ~
～ね／～よ~, right? / ~, you know (sentence-final particles)
～が好きです／上手ですlike ~ / good at ~
～ます／～ませんpolite present form: do ~ / not do ~
～ました／～ませんでしたpolite past form: did ~ / did not ~
て形（te form）te form — the foundation for connecting sentences and building many grammar patterns
～ていますis ~ing / an ongoing state
～てもいいですit's okay to ~ / may ~
～てはいけませんmust not ~ (prohibition)
ない形（nai form）the plain negative form
～ないでくださいplease don't ~
～たいですwant to ~ (one's own desire)
いAdjective（i-adjective）i-adjective
なAdjective（na-adjective）na-adjective
～くて／～で（connecting adjectives）~ and ~ (connects two adjectives)
～から（reason）because ~, so ~
～のでbecause ~, so ~ (softer, more objective)
～が（but）but ~
～より～のほうが~ is more ~ than ~
～が一番～です~ is the most ~
～ながらwhile ~ing, also ~
～てからafter ~, then ~
～まえにbefore ~
～たあとでafter ~
～ことができますcan ~ (ability)
～なければなりませんmust ~ (obligation)
～なくてもいいですdon't need to ~
～たことがありますhave ~ before (experience)
～でしょうprobably ~ / likely ~
～はまだ／もう～not yet ~ / already ~
～ましょうかshall I ~? / shall we ~?
～というcalled ~ / named ~
～ましょう／～ください（review: commands・invitations）distinguishing ways to invite, request, and permit
～に行く／～に来るgo/come (in order) to do something
～くなる／～になるbecome; change into a state
～たり～たりするdoing things like ~ and ~; lists a few representative actions
～か～かA or B (presents two options to choose from)
～ごろaround, about (a point in time)
～こと（nominalization）the act of ~ (turns a verb into a noun)
～の（nominalization）the act of... (nominalization, more casual)
あまり～ありませんnot very... (polite)
あまり～ないですnot very... (casual)
～はいかがですかhow about ...? (polite invitation/suggestion)
だれかsomeone (an unspecified person)
だれでもeveryone...; anyone
だれも～ないですno one... (casual)
だれも～ませんno one... (polite)
～ときwhen...; at the time...
どこかsomewhere (an unspecified place)
どこでもeverywhere...; anywhere
どこにも～ないですnot... anywhere (casual)
どこにも～ませんnot... anywhere (polite)
どこへも～ないですnot going anywhere (casual)
どこへも～ませんnot going anywhere (polite)
どこも～ないですnowhere...; not anywhere (casual)
どこも～ませんnowhere... (polite)
どれでもany one is fine (among the options given)
なにかsomething; some thing
なにも～ないですnothing at all (casual)
なにも～ませんnothing at all (polite)
なんでもanything...; whatever