Japanese grammar

What does だれか mean? Japanese grammar N5

だれか means someone (an unspecified person).

Quick facts
Level (estimated, JLPT framework)N5
Structureだれか + が/を… (particle often omitted)
だれか + ~ますか
Romajidareka
Meaningsomeone (an unspecified person)

Forming it

Connectionだれか + verb, だれか + adjective, だれか + noun

How to use it

States that SOME person exists, but who exactly is not identified.

  • In a question, 「だれか」 asks WHETHER there is a person or not: 「だれか来ましたか」 → 「はい/いいえ」. Meanwhile 「だれが」 asks SPECIFICALLY who: 「だれが来ましたか」 → 「田中さんです」.
  • The particles 「が」「を」 after 「だれか」 are often dropped in conversation: 「だれか来た」.

Examples

  • Someone knocked on the door.

  • Someone took my umbrella.

Keep in mind

  • Same family: 「なにか」 (something), 「どこか」 (somewhere), 「いつか」 (sometime).

Common mistakes

  • Wrongだれがドアをノックしました。

    Someone knocked on the door.

    Correctだれかがドアをノックしました。

    「だれが」 is a question meaning "who...". To say "someone", it must be 「だれか」.

  • Wrongだれかも来(き)ませんでした。

    No one came at all.

    Correctだれも来(き)ませんでした。

    "No one" in a negative sentence uses 「だれも」; don't combine 「だれか」 with 「も」.

Exam tips

  • だれか = someone (indefinite); だれが = who (specific question).

Related patterns

All N5 grammar →