Japanese grammar

What does ~こと(nominalization) mean? Japanese grammar N5

~こと(nominalization) means the act of ~ (turns a verb into a noun).

Quick facts
Level (estimated, JLPT framework)N5
StructureVerb dictionary form + こと
Verb ない form + こと
Romajikoto
Meaningthe act of ~ (turns a verb into a noun)

Forming it

Connectionverb (dictionary form) + こと

How to use it

Attaching 「こと」 after the dictionary form turns the whole verb phrase into a noun, usable as the subject or object.

  • Once nominalized, the phrase acts like an ordinary noun: it can take 「が」「は」「を」.
  • Used with 「好きだ・上手だ・大切だ」 and 「~ことができる」. For an action happening right in front of you, Japanese speakers more often use 「の」 (see 「~の」).
  • Distinguish 「こと」 (an abstract matter, not perceived directly) from 「の」 (an action observed directly through the senses): verbs like 見る・聞く・手伝う only take 「の」, while 約束する・祈る・命じる only take 「こと」.

Examples

  • I love swimming.

  • Studying Japanese is fun.

  • Exercising every day is good for your health.

Keep in mind

  • Don't attach 「こと」 to the ます form.

Common mistakes

  • Wrong泳(およ)ぎことが大好(だいす)きです。

    I really like swimming.

    Correct泳(およ)ぐことが大好(だいす)きです。

    Before 「こと」, use the DICTIONARY form (泳ぐ), not the ます stem (泳ぎ).

  • Wrong泳(およ)ぐことが大好(だいす)きます。

    I really like swimming.

    Correct泳(およ)ぐことが大好(だいす)きです。

    「大好き」 is a na-adjective, so end the sentence with 「です」, not conjugated 「ます」.

  • Wrong彼(かれ)が歌(うた)っていることを聞(き)いた。

    I heard him singing.

    Correct彼(かれ)が歌(うた)っているのを聞(き)いた。

    For something directly heard/seen, nominalize with 「の」, not 「こと」.

  • Wrong静(しず)かことが好(す)きです。

    I like quietness.

    Correct静(しず)かなことが好(す)きです。

    A na-adjective must connect through 「な」 before 「こと」.

Exam tips

  • Before 「こと」 it's always the dictionary form or the ない form.

Related patterns

All N5 grammar →