Japanese grammar

What does ~ずにはすまない mean? Japanese grammar N1

~ずにはすまない means cannot help but do…; feel socially/morally obligated to….

Quick facts
Level (estimated, JLPT framework)N1
Structure動詞 ない形 (drop ない) + ずにはすまない
する → せずにはすまない
Romajizunihasumanai
Meaningcannot help but do…; feel socially/morally obligated to…

Forming it

Verb謝ら + ずにはすまない
Verb (する)弁償せ + ずにはすまない

How to use it

States that, as a matter of moral/social obligation, not doing A won't do — one is compelled to do A. Written style.

  • 「~ずにはすまない」 = "not doing A won't do (as a matter of right/social obligation) — one is compelled to do A". A moral/responsibility pressure.
  • Different from 「ずにはおかない」 (bound to cause/resolved to do): 「ずにはすまない」 emphasizes an unavoidable social OBLIGATION.
  • 「する」 → 「せずに」.

Examples

  • Since I broke it, I’ll have no choice but to pay for it.

  • Having caused so much trouble, I must apologize.

Keep in mind

  • Drop 「ない」 from the negative form + ずに.
  • Emphasizes responsibility/moral obligation.

Common mistakes

  • Wrong弁償(べんしょう)しずにはすまない。

    There's no way around paying compensation.

    Correct弁償(べんしょう)せずにはすまない。

    「する」 becomes 「せず」 (not 「しず」).

  • Wrongこの映画(えいが)は感動(かんどう)させずにはすまない。

    This film is bound to move people.

    Correctこの映画(えいが)は感動(かんどう)させずにはおかない。

    "Bound to cause an effect" uses 「ずにはおかない」; 「ずにはすまない」 = compelled to do it out of obligation.

Exam tips

  • 「ずにはすまない」 = compelled to do it out of duty/obligation; different from 「ずにはおかない」 (bound to cause).

Related patterns

All N1 grammar →