Japanese grammar

What does ~ざるを得ない mean? Japanese grammar N1

~ざるを得ない means cannot help but…; cannot avoid…; must….

Quick facts
Level (estimated, JLPT framework)N1
StructureVない形 (drop ない) + ざるを得ない
する → せざるを得ない
Romajizaruwoenai
Meaningcannot help but…; cannot avoid…; must…

Forming it

Verb認め + ざるを得ない
Verb (する)中止せ + ざるを得ない

How to use it

States being forced to do something against one's will, due to circumstances. Formal, written style.

  • 「~ざるを得ない」 = cannot help but do it, forced to do it despite not wanting to. Compelled by objective circumstances.
  • Drop the 「ない」 of the negative form and add 「ざるを得ない」; 「する」 → 「せざるを得ない」.
  • Different from 「~しかない」 (that's the only option left, more neutral): 「ざるを得ない」 emphasizes RELUCTANCE.

Examples

  • With the evidence at hand, I have no choice but to admit the facts.

  • Because of the typhoon, we had no choice but to cancel the event.

Keep in mind

  • 「する」 → 「せざる」.
  • Emphasizes reluctance.

Common mistakes

  • Wrong中止(ちゅうし)しざるを得(え)ない。

    We have no choice but to cancel it.

    Correct中止(ちゅうし)せざるを得(え)ない。

    「する」 becomes 「せざる」 (not 「しざる」).

  • Wrongうれしくて、認(みと)めざるを得(え)ない。

    Since there's evidence, I have no choice but to admit it.

    Correct証拠(しょうこ)があるので、認(みと)めざるを得(え)ない。

    This pattern emphasizes RELUCTANCE forced by circumstances; it's not used when one is happily willing.

Exam tips

  • 「ざるを得ない」 = can't help but (reluctantly); 「する」→「せざる」.

Related patterns

All N1 grammar →