Japanese grammar
What does ~に基づいて mean? Japanese grammar N2
~に基づいて means based on…; grounded on….
| Level (estimated, JLPT framework) | N2 |
|---|---|
| Structure | N + に基づいて/に基づき N + に基づく + N |
| Romaji | nimotozuite |
| Meaning | based on…; grounded on… |
Forming it
| Modifier | 事実 → 事実に基づく物語 |
|---|---|
| Adverbial | 調査結果 → 調査結果に基づいて |
How to use it
Takes A as the official BASIS for doing something. A is usually data, a rule, or survey/investigation results.
- 「Nに基づいて」 = based on N: 「調査結果に基づいて、対策を立てた」.
- A must be an OBJECTIVE basis (法律・データ・事実・契約) — not used with personal feelings.
- As a modifier it is 「に基づく+N」: 「事実に基づく物語」. Different from 「をふまえて」 (having taken it into consideration before acting).
Examples
調査結果に基づいて、新しい対策を立てた。
Based on the survey results, we drew up new measures.
この映画は事実に基づく物語である。
This film is a story based on real events.
Keep in mind
- The basis must be objective.
- As a modifier, use 「に基づく」.
Common mistakes
-
Wrong私の気持ちに基づいて決めた。
I decided according to my own feelings.
Correct私の気持ちに従って決めた。
The basis must be objective; following one's feelings uses 「に従って」.
-
Wrong事実に基づいて物語は多くの人に感動を与えた。
The story based on real events moved many people.
Correct事実に基づく物語は多くの人に感動を与えた。
Modifying a noun uses 「に基づく」, not the て-form 「に基づいて」.
Exam tips
- 「に基づいて」 = based on an objective basis; as a modifier, 「に基づく」.