Japanese grammar

What does ~に基づいて mean? Japanese grammar N2

~に基づいて means based on…; grounded on….

Quick facts
Level (estimated, JLPT framework)N2
StructureN + に基づいて/に基づき
N + に基づく + N
Romajinimotozuite
Meaningbased on…; grounded on…

Forming it

Modifier事実 → 事実に基づく物語
Adverbial調査結果 → 調査結果に基づいて

How to use it

Takes A as the official BASIS for doing something. A is usually data, a rule, or survey/investigation results.

  • 「Nに基づいて」 = based on N: 「調査結果に基づいて、対策を立てた」.
  • A must be an OBJECTIVE basis (法律・データ・事実・契約) — not used with personal feelings.
  • As a modifier it is 「に基づく+N」: 「事実に基づく物語」. Different from 「をふまえて」 (having taken it into consideration before acting).

Examples

  • Based on the survey results, we drew up new measures.

  • This film is a story based on real events.

Keep in mind

  • The basis must be objective.
  • As a modifier, use 「に基づく」.

Common mistakes

  • Wrong私(わたし)の気持(きも)ちに基(もと)づいて決(き)めた。

    I decided according to my own feelings.

    Correct私(わたし)の気持(きも)ちに従(したが)って決(き)めた。

    The basis must be objective; following one's feelings uses 「に従って」.

  • Wrong事実(じじつ)に基(もと)づいて物語(ものがたり)は多(おお)くの人(ひと)に感動(かんどう)を与(あた)えた。

    The story based on real events moved many people.

    Correct事実(じじつ)に基(もと)づく物語(ものがたり)は多(おお)くの人(ひと)に感動(かんどう)を与(あた)えた。

    Modifying a noun uses 「に基づく」, not the て-form 「に基づいて」.

Exam tips

  • 「に基づいて」 = based on an objective basis; as a modifier, 「に基づく」.

Related patterns

All N2 grammar →