Japanese grammar
What does ～をもとに mean? Japanese grammar N2
～をもとに means based on…; using… as the foundation/material (to create something else).
| Level (estimated, JLPT framework) | N2 |
|---|---|
| Structure | N + をもとに(して) N + をもとにした + N |
| Romaji | womotoni |
| Meaning | based on…; using… as the foundation/material (to create something else) |
Forming it
| Noun | 実話 + をもとに |
|---|---|
| Noun (modifier) | データ + をもとにした + 分析 |
How to use it
States that A is the material/basis used to create B; A is the starting point, and B is derived from A.
- 「～をもとに（して）」 = "using A as the basis/material to make B". A is the starting point; B is created based on A.
- As a modifier, use 「をもとにした + N」.
- Close to 「に基づいて」 but 「をもとに」 emphasizes A as MATERIAL/inspiration for creating something; 「に基づいて」 emphasizes A as a basis/rule that must be followed.
Examples
この映画は実話をもとに作られた。
This movie was made based on a true story.
アンケートをもとに、商品を改良した。
Based on the survey, we improved the product.
Keep in mind
- Attaches to a noun.
- B is usually a creative work/analysis (novel, film, analysis).
Common mistakes
-
Wrongこれは実話をもとにの映画だ。
This is a movie made based on a true story.
Correctこれは実話をもとにした映画だ。
As a modifier, use 「をもとにした + N」, not 「をもとにの」.
-
Wrong法律をもとに、判断する。
The ruling is based on the law.
Correct法律に基づいて、判断する。
For a rule/law that must be followed, use 「に基づいて」; 「をもとに」 is used when A is the material used to create B.
Exam tips
- 「をもとに」 = using A as material/basis to create B; as a modifier 「をもとにした＋N」.