Japanese grammar

What does ~のいかんだ mean? Japanese grammar N1

~のいかんだ means depends on…; rests upon….

Quick facts
Level (estimated, JLPT framework)N1
StructureN + のいかんだ
Romajinoikanda
Meaningdepends on…; rests upon…

Forming it

Noun (result)試験の結果 + のいかんだ
Noun (determining factor)本人の努力 + のいかんだ

How to use it

Sentence-final pattern: states that the outcome depends entirely on A. Very formal, literary.

  • 「~のいかんだ」 = "(the outcome) depends on A". 「いかん」 (如何) is a classical Sino-Japanese word meaning "how/what way", so the whole phrase means "however it turns out depends on A".
  • This is a SENTENCE-FINAL form; other variants in the family: 「のいかんでは」, 「のいかんによっては」 (depending on), 「のいかんにかかわらず」, 「のいかんによらず」 (regardless of).
  • Very formal — used in documents, official announcements; not used in ordinary conversation.

Examples

  • Whether he succeeds depends entirely on his own effort.

  • Whether you advance depends on your exam results.

Keep in mind

  • Attaches to a noun with 「の」.
  • A sentence-ending pattern, placed at the end.

Common mistakes

  • Wrong彼(かれ)が来(く)るのいかんで決(き)めよう。

    Let's decide depending on whether he comes.

    Correct彼(かれ)が来(く)るかどうかで決(き)めよう。

    「いかん」 attaches to a NOUN via 「の」; a verb clause must use 「~かどうか」 instead.

  • Wrong天気(てんき)のいかんだ、ピクニックを延期(えんき)する。

    Depending on the weather, the picnic may be postponed.

    Correct天気(てんき)のいかんでは、ピクニックを延期(えんき)する。

    「のいかんだ」 is a SENTENCE-FINAL form; to connect to a following clause, use 「のいかんでは/によっては」.

Exam tips

  • 「のいかんだ」 = depends on A (sentence-final, very formal); a clause uses 「かどうか」.

Related patterns

All N1 grammar →