Japanese grammar

What does ~によると mean? Japanese grammar N3

~によると means according to (source of information, someone's words).

Quick facts
Level (estimated, JLPT framework)N3
StructureN + によると
N + によれば
Romajiniyoruto
Meaningaccording to (source of information, someone's words)

Forming it

Noun天気予報 + によると

How to use it

States the source of information being relayed; usually paired with 「~そうだ/らしい」 at the end of the sentence.

  • 「~によると」 states the SOURCE of information the speaker is relaying: “according to…”. Not something the speaker directly knows.
  • Usually combined with 「~そうだ/~らしい/~ということだ」 at the end to mark indirect reporting.
  • 「~によれば」 is close in meaning, leaning more toward written language.

Examples

  • According to the newspaper, there will be an election next month.

  • According to the teacher, this method is good.

Keep in mind

  • The end of the sentence should have a hearsay marker (そうだ, らしい), not a definite statement as if known firsthand.
  • The source is usually a newspaper, a forecast, or someone else's words.

Common mistakes

  • Wrong天気(てんき)予報(よほう)によると、明日(あした)は雨(あめ)だ。

    According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow.

    Correct天気(てんき)予報(よほう)によると、明日(あした)は雨(あめ)だそうだ。

    「によると」 (indirect reporting) should be paired with 「そうだ/らしい」 at the end, not stated as a direct assertion.

  • Wrong私(わたし)によると、この店(みせ)はおいしい。

    As far as I can tell, this restaurant is good.

    Correct私(わたし)の考(かんが)えでは、この店(みせ)はおいしい。

    「によると」 is used for an OUTSIDE source; one's own opinion uses 「私の考えでは」.

Exam tips

  • 「によると」 = according to (an outside source) + 「そうだ/らしい」 at the end; not used for oneself.

Related patterns

All N3 grammar →