Japanese grammar
What does ~によると mean? Japanese grammar N3
~によると means according to (source of information, someone's words).
| Level (estimated, JLPT framework) | N3 |
|---|---|
| Structure | N + によると N + によれば |
| Romaji | niyoruto |
| Meaning | according to (source of information, someone's words) |
Forming it
| Noun | 天気予報 + によると |
|---|
How to use it
States the source of information being relayed; usually paired with 「~そうだ/らしい」 at the end of the sentence.
- 「~によると」 states the SOURCE of information the speaker is relaying: “according to…”. Not something the speaker directly knows.
- Usually combined with 「~そうだ/~らしい/~ということだ」 at the end to mark indirect reporting.
- 「~によれば」 is close in meaning, leaning more toward written language.
Examples
新聞によると、来月選挙があるそうだ。
According to the newspaper, there will be an election next month.
先生によると、この方法がいいそうです。
According to the teacher, this method is good.
Keep in mind
- The end of the sentence should have a hearsay marker (そうだ, らしい), not a definite statement as if known firsthand.
- The source is usually a newspaper, a forecast, or someone else's words.
Common mistakes
-
Wrong天気予報によると、明日は雨だ。
According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow.
Correct天気予報によると、明日は雨だそうだ。
「によると」 (indirect reporting) should be paired with 「そうだ/らしい」 at the end, not stated as a direct assertion.
-
Wrong私によると、この店はおいしい。
As far as I can tell, this restaurant is good.
Correct私の考えでは、この店はおいしい。
「によると」 is used for an OUTSIDE source; one's own opinion uses 「私の考えでは」.
Exam tips
- 「によると」 = according to (an outside source) + 「そうだ/らしい」 at the end; not used for oneself.