Japanese grammar

What does ~ようとする mean? Japanese grammar N3

~ようとする means about to do ~; trying to do ~.

Quick facts
Level (estimated, JLPT framework)N3
StructureV volitional form (よう/おう) + とする
Romajiyoutosuru
Meaningabout to do ~; trying to do ~

Forming it

Godan verbs立ち上がろう + とする
Ichidan verbs出かけよう + とする

How to use it

Volitional form + とする: right when one is about to/going to perform an action (something else often interrupts), or the effort to try to do something.

  • 「~(よ)うとする」 attaches to the volitional form, describing the MOMENT one is about to/going to do something — the second clause usually has an event that interrupts; or the EFFORT to try to do something (trying to stand up, trying to open).
  • The meaning "right as one was about to do it" often goes with 「とき/ところ」: 出かけようとしたとき.
  • Different from 「~つもり」 (a planned intention): this pattern emphasizes the moment right before the action or an immediate effort.

Examples

  • Just as I was about to leave the house, the phone rang.

  • The baby is trying to stand up.

  • I was about to answer the phone, but the other person had already hung up.

Keep in mind

  • Volitional form: ichidan → よう (食べよう), godan → おう (行こう), する → しよう, 来る → こよう.
  • 「~(よ)うとしない」 = refuses to do.

Common mistakes

  • Wrong食(た)べるとするとき、電話(でんわ)が来(き)た。

    Just as I was about to eat, the phone rang.

    Correct食(た)べようとしたとき、電話(でんわ)が来(き)た。

    The meaning "right as one was about to do it" requires the volitional form 「食べよう」 + とする, not the dictionary form.

  • Wrongいくらお願(ねが)いしても、彼(かれ)は聞(き)くとしない。

    No matter how I ask, he won't listen.

    Correctいくらお願(ねが)いしても、彼(かれ)は聞(き)こうとしない。

    "Refuses to listen" uses the negative volitional form 「聞こうとしない」.

  • Wrong電話(でんわ)に出(で)るとしたが、切(き)れてしまった。

    I was just about to answer the phone, but it cut off.

    Correct電話(でんわ)に出(で)ようとしたが、切(き)れてしまった。

    Must conjugate the VOLITIONAL FORM 「出よう」; 「出るとしたら」 is a hypothetical pattern with a completely different meaning.

  • Wrong来年(らいねん)、留学(りゅうがく)しようとします。

    I'm planning to study abroad next year.

    Correct来年(らいねん)、留学(りゅうがく)しようと思(おも)っています。

    A distant future plan uses 「ようと思っている」; 「ようとする」 is about to do something right then.

Exam tips

  • Volitional form + とする = right when about to do / trying to do; the negative = refuses to.

Related patterns

All N3 grammar →