Japanese grammar

What does ~まい mean? Japanese grammar N2

~まい means surely won't…; definitely won't… (written style).

Quick facts
Level (estimated, JLPT framework)N2
StructureVる + まい(Group I)
Vます形 + まい(Group II)
する → すまい/しまい
Romajimai
Meaningsurely won't…; definitely won't… (written style)

Forming it

Group I行く → 行くまい
Group II食べる → 食べまい
Irregularする → すまい/来る → 来まい

How to use it

Two meanings: (a) negative guess "probably won't…"; (b) negative volition "am determined not to…".

  • Meaning (a) GUESS: 「この分では、彼は来るまい」 (at this rate, he probably won't come) — the written form of 「ないだろう」.
  • Meaning (b) VOLITION: 「二度と同じ失敗はするまい」 (determined not to repeat the same mistake) — the subject is first person.
  • Conjugation: Group I attaches to the dictionary form 「行くまい」; Group II attaches to the ます-stem 「食べまい」 (the form 「食べるまい」 is also seen); 「する」 becomes 「すまい」, 「来る」 becomes 「来(こ)まい」.
  • The fixed pair 「~まいか」 and 「~うか~まいか」 (whether or not to…) is a very common test point.

Examples

  • In this weather, probably no one will come today.

  • I vowed never to repeat the same mistake.

Keep in mind

  • Written/archaic style; conversation uses 「ないだろう/ないつもりだ」.
  • The volitional meaning is only used for the first person.

Common mistakes

  • Wrong彼(かれ)はもう二度(にど)と行(い)きまいと誓(ちか)った。

    He vowed never to go again.

    Correct彼(かれ)はもう二度(にど)と行(い)くまいと誓(ちか)った。

    「行く」 is a Group I verb, so it attaches to the DICTIONARY FORM + まい, not the ます-stem.

  • Wrong(友達(ともだち)に)今日(きょう)は雨(あめ)が降(ふ)るまい。

    It probably won't rain today.

    Correct(友達(ともだち)に)今日(きょう)は雨(あめ)が降(ふ)らないだろう。

    「まい」 is written/archaic style, and sounds very odd in casual conversation.

Exam tips

  • 「まい」 = probably won't / determined not to (written style); する → 「すまい」.

Related patterns

All N2 grammar →