Japanese grammar

What does ~がい(がある) mean? Japanese grammar N2

~がい(がある) means worth doing…; worth the effort of….

Quick facts
Level (estimated, JLPT framework)N2
StructureVます形 (drop ます) + がい + がある
Vます形 + がいのある + N
Romajigai(gaaru)
Meaningworth doing…; worth the effort of…

Forming it

Doingする → しがいがある
Living生きる → 生きがい
Reading読む → 読みがいがある

How to use it

Something worth doing, worthy of the effort put in. Attaches to the masu-stem and functions like a noun.

  • 「Vがいがある」 = worth doing: 「この本は読みがいがある」「やりがいのある仕事」.
  • Some forms have become independent NOUNS: 「生きがい」 (a reason for living), 「やりがい」 (a sense of purpose in doing something) — very commonly used when talking about work.
  • The verbs it can attach to are limited: 読む・やる・作る・教える・生きる・働く. Don't attach it freely to any verb.

Examples

  • This book is thick, but it is worth reading.

  • It is tough, but it is rewarding work.

Keep in mind

  • Attaches to the masu-stem.
  • To modify a noun, use 「がいのある+N」.

Common mistakes

  • Wrongこの本(ほん)は読(よ)むがいがある。

    This book is worth reading.

    Correctこの本(ほん)は読(よ)みがいがある。

    Attaches to the MASU-STEM 「読み」.

  • Wrongこれはやりがいある仕事(しごと)だ。

    This is work worth throwing yourself into.

    Correctこれはやりがいのある仕事(しごと)だ。

    Modifying a noun needs 「の」.

Exam tips

  • 「Vがいがある」 = worth doing; 「生きがい/やりがい」 are independent nouns.

Related patterns

All N2 grammar →