What does ～にくわえて mean? Japanese grammar N2

Forming it

How to use it

Adds B on top of A (same category/same direction); formal.

• 「～に加えて」 = "in addition to A there is also B". Cumulative, usually the same direction/category.
• The written form is 「に加え」.
• Close to 「だけでなく／ばかりか」 but 「に加えて」 emphasizes ADDING ON in a neutral, formal way.

Examples

• 強(つよ)い風(かぜ)に加(くわ)えて、雨(あめ)も降(ふ)り出(だ)した。

  In addition to the strong wind, it also started to rain.

• 授業(じゅぎょう)料(りょう)に加(くわ)えて、教材(きょうざい)費(ひ)もかかる。

  In addition to tuition, textbook fees are also incurred.

Keep in mind

• Attaches to a noun.
• B often goes together with 「も」.

Common mistakes

• Wrong高(たか)いに加(くわ)えて、遠(とお)い。

  On top of the price being expensive, it’s also far.

  Correct値段(ねだん)が高(たか)いことに加(くわ)えて、遠(とお)い。

  「に加えて」 attaches to a noun; an adjective/clause must be nominalized (～ことに加えて).

• Wrong手伝(てつだ)ってくれるに加(くわ)えて、貸(か)してください。

  You not only help me but also lend me things.

  Correct手伝(てつだ)ってくれるだけでなく、貸(か)してください。

  「に加えて」 mainly adds a noun/fact; the second clause does not make a request — use 「だけでなく」 for that.

Exam tips

• 「に加えて」 = on top of that (cumulative, formal); attaches to a noun.

Related patterns

• ～だけでなく
• ～上に
• ～ばかりか