Japanese grammar

What does ~にかかわらず mean? Japanese grammar N2

~にかかわらず means regardless of…; no matter… (the result doesn't change).

Quick facts
Level (estimated, JLPT framework)N2
StructureN + にかかわらず
動詞・い形 (肯定+否定) + にかかわらず
Romajinikakawarazu
Meaningregardless of…; no matter… (the result doesn't change)

Forming it

Noun天候 + にかかわらず
Affirmative–negative pair行く行かない + にかかわらず

How to use it

States a factor that does NOT affect the result; used with degree/opposite pairs/有無 (presence or absence). Distinguish from 「にもかかわらず」 (although).

  • 「~にかかわらず」 = "regardless of A / independent of A": A does not change the result. Often used with degree (多い少ない), opposite pairs, 「有無」, or 「Vる Vない」.
  • DIFFERENT from 「にもかかわらず」 (N2-011: "although A, B goes against expectations"). 「にかかわらず」 = unrelated to; 「にもかかわらず」 = despite/even so.
  • Close to 「を問わず」; 「にかかわらず」 can be used with DEGREE (多い少ない), while 「を問わず」 leans toward listing categories.

Examples

  • The event will be held regardless of the weather.

  • We welcome donations regardless of the amount.

Keep in mind

  • Be careful to distinguish it from 「にもかかわらず」 (differs by just the character 「も」 but has a completely different meaning).
  • An opposite pair attaches directly.

Common mistakes

  • Wrong雨(あめ)にかかわらず、試合(しあい)をした。

    Although it rained, the match still took place.

    Correct雨(あめ)にもかかわらず、試合(しあい)をした。

    "Although/despite" uses 「にもかかわらず」; 「にかかわらず」 = "regardless (independent of)".

  • Wrong高(たか)いにかかわらず、買(か)う。

    No matter the price, I’ll buy it.

    Correct値段(ねだん)にかかわらず、買(か)う。

    「にかかわらず」 uses a noun or an opposite PAIR (高い安い); a single adjective alone is not enough to mean "regardless".

Exam tips

  • 「にかかわらず」 = regardless of/independent of (result unchanged); DIFFERENT from 「にもかかわらず」 (although).

Related patterns

All N2 grammar →