Japanese grammar
What does ~にかかわらず mean? Japanese grammar N2
~にかかわらず means regardless of…; no matter… (the result doesn't change).
| Level (estimated, JLPT framework) | N2 |
|---|---|
| Structure | N + にかかわらず 動詞・い形 (肯定+否定) + にかかわらず |
| Romaji | nikakawarazu |
| Meaning | regardless of…; no matter… (the result doesn't change) |
Forming it
| Noun | 天候 + にかかわらず |
|---|---|
| Affirmative–negative pair | 行く行かない + にかかわらず |
How to use it
States a factor that does NOT affect the result; used with degree/opposite pairs/有無 (presence or absence). Distinguish from 「にもかかわらず」 (although).
- 「~にかかわらず」 = "regardless of A / independent of A": A does not change the result. Often used with degree (多い少ない), opposite pairs, 「有無」, or 「Vる Vない」.
- DIFFERENT from 「にもかかわらず」 (N2-011: "although A, B goes against expectations"). 「にかかわらず」 = unrelated to; 「にもかかわらず」 = despite/even so.
- Close to 「を問わず」; 「にかかわらず」 can be used with DEGREE (多い少ない), while 「を問わず」 leans toward listing categories.
Examples
天候にかかわらず、大会は行われる。
The event will be held regardless of the weather.
金額の多少にかかわらず、寄付を歓迎します。
We welcome donations regardless of the amount.
Keep in mind
- Be careful to distinguish it from 「にもかかわらず」 (differs by just the character 「も」 but has a completely different meaning).
- An opposite pair attaches directly.
Common mistakes
-
Wrong雨にかかわらず、試合をした。
Although it rained, the match still took place.
Correct雨にもかかわらず、試合をした。
"Although/despite" uses 「にもかかわらず」; 「にかかわらず」 = "regardless (independent of)".
-
Wrong高いにかかわらず、買う。
No matter the price, I’ll buy it.
Correct値段にかかわらず、買う。
「にかかわらず」 uses a noun or an opposite PAIR (高い安い); a single adjective alone is not enough to mean "regardless".
Exam tips
- 「にかかわらず」 = regardless of/independent of (result unchanged); DIFFERENT from 「にもかかわらず」 (although).