Japanese grammar

What does ~ずじまい mean? Japanese grammar N1

~ずじまい means ended up never… (with regret).

Quick facts
Level (estimated, JLPT framework)N1
StructureVない形 (drop ない) + ずじまい
する → せずじまい
Romajizujimai
Meaningended up never… (with regret)

Forming it

Verb会わ + ずじまい
Verb (する)連絡せ + ずじまい

How to use it

States that something one intended to do ended up NOT being done, with a sense of regret. Written/narrative style.

  • 「~ずじまい」 = ended up never doing A (despite intending to), with a sense of REGRET.
  • Drop the 「ない」 of the negative form and add 「ずじまい」; 「する」 → 「せずじまい」.
  • Usually ends with 「~だった/~に終わった」; differs from 「~ないままだ」 in emphasizing regret.

Examples

  • Even though I was in Japan, I ended up never seeing Mt. Fuji.

  • I was so busy that in the end I never got to thank them.

Keep in mind

  • 「する」 → 「せず」.
  • Always carries a nuance of regret.

Common mistakes

  • Wrong連絡(れんらく)しずじまいだった。

    In the end, I never got in touch.

    Correct連絡(れんらく)せずじまいだった。

    「する」 becomes 「せず」 (not 「しず」).

  • Wrong見(み)ずじまいでうれしかった。

    In the end I never got to see it, which was a shame.

    Correct見(み)ずじまいで残念(ざんねん)だった。

    「ずじまい」 always carries REGRET; it's not used with a happy feeling.

Exam tips

  • 「ずじまい」 = ended up never being able to... (regret); 「する」→「せず」.

Related patterns

All N1 grammar →