Japanese grammar
What does ~ようが mean? Japanese grammar N1
~ようが means no matter if one…; even if….
| Level (estimated, JLPT framework) | N1 |
|---|---|
| Structure | V volitional form + が |
| Romaji | youga |
| Meaning | no matter if one…; even if… |
Forming it
| Connection | volitional form V + が |
|---|
How to use it
No matter what the assumption is, it doesn't affect the conclusion. Attaches to the volitional form, written style.
- 「V volitional+が」 = even if V: 「降ろうが」 (even if it rains), 「反対しようが」 (even if [someone] opposes), 「言おうが」 (even if [someone] says). The 「~ようと」 version has the same meaning.
- The fixed pair 「~ようが~まいが」 = whether one does it or not: 「行こうが行くまいが、私には関係ない」 (whether I go or not doesn't concern me).
- The following clause is an unchanging conclusion, often with 「関係ない (doesn't matter)・変わらない (doesn't change)・行われる (takes place)」.
Examples
雨が降ろうが、試合は行われる。
Even if it rains, the match will be held.
誰が反対しようが、考えは変えない。
No matter who objects, I will not change my mind.
Keep in mind
- Requires the volitional form: 「降ろうが」, not 「降るようが」.
- Adjectives use 「~かろうが」, nouns use 「~であろうが」.
Common mistakes
-
Wrong雨が降るようが行う。
Correct雨が降ろうが行う。
Before が, use the volitional form: 降る → 降ろう.
Exam tips
- 「~ようが」 = even if...; attaches to the volitional form, commonly paired as 「ようが~まいが」.