Japanese grammar

What does ~と言っていた mean? Japanese grammar N4

~と言っていた means (someone) said that ~.

Quick facts
Level (estimated, JLPT framework)N4
Structure「direct quote」と言っていた
Plain form + と言っていた
Romaji~ to itte ita
Meaning(someone) said that ~

How to use it

Reporting to someone else what a person had said earlier.

  • と言っていた reports something heard. The quoted part before と usually stays in the plain form; if quoting verbatim, it can be placed inside Japanese quotation marks 「」.
  • Compared to 言った, which just records the act of "having said," 言っていた usually sounds more natural when relaying a message or recounting the content of what someone said.

Examples

  • Tanaka said that he would take tomorrow off.

  • My mother said, “Do not be late.”

Keep in mind

  • When conveying a command/request, ~ように言っていた can be used: 早く来るように言っていました.

Common mistakes

  • Wrong田中(たなか)さんは明日(あした)休(やす)みますと言(い)っていました。

    Correct田中(たなか)さんは明日(あした)休(やす)むと言(い)っていました。

    In ordinary indirect speech, the clause before と uses the plain form: 休む, not 休みます.

Exam tips

  • If there's a specific speaker + は/が and the content of what was said, と言っていた fits better than そうだ.

Related patterns

All N4 grammar →