Japanese grammar

What does ~ように (purpose) mean? Japanese grammar N3

~ように (purpose) means in order to…; so that… (purpose/goal).

Quick facts
Level (estimated, JLPT framework)N3
StructureVる(non-volitional/potential)+ ように、~
Vない + ように、~
Romajiyouni
Meaningin order to…; so that… (purpose/goal)

Forming it

Negative忘れない → 忘れないように
Potential form見える → よく見えるように

How to use it

States a purpose in the form of a DESIRED STATE. The first clause uses a non-volitional verb, the potential form, or the negative.

  • 「ように」 states a purpose that is a STATE: 「後ろの人にも見えるように、大きく書いた」.
  • Distinguish from 「ために」: 「ために」 goes with a VOLITIONAL verb and both clauses share the same subject (「留学するためにお金をためる」); 「ように」 goes with non-volitional/potential/negative verbs, and the subjects of the two clauses can differ.
  • The negative form 「~ないように」 is extremely common: 「風邪をひかないように気をつけて」.

Examples

  • I wrote in large letters so that people in the back could see too.

  • I wrote it in my notebook so I would not forget the appointment.

Keep in mind

  • Not used with a volitional verb — use 「ために」 for that instead.
  • The second clause is an action aimed at achieving that state.

Common mistakes

  • Wrong日本(にっぽん)へ行(い)くように、お金(かね)をためています。

    I'm saving money to go to Japan.

    Correct日本(にっぽん)へ行(い)くために、お金(かね)をためています。

    The volitional verb 「行く」 must use 「ために」.

  • Wrong忘(わす)れなくように、メモした。

    I wrote it down so I wouldn't forget.

    Correct忘(わす)れないように、メモした。

    The negative form is 「ないように」.

Exam tips

  • 「ように」 for purpose = a state (non-volitional/potential/negative); with a volitional verb, use 「ために」.

Related patterns

All N3 grammar →