Japanese grammar

What does ~だけしか~ない mean? Japanese grammar N3

~だけしか~ない means only ~ (emphasizing scarcity/exclusivity).

Quick facts
Level (estimated, JLPT framework)N3
StructureN + だけしか + Vない
quantity + だけしか + Vない
Romajidakeshika nai
Meaningonly ~ (emphasizing scarcity/exclusivity)

Forming it

Nounカレー → カレーだけしか食べない
Quantity一時間 → 一時間だけしか勉強できなかった

How to use it

Combines 「だけ」 with 「しか」 to double the emphasis: much less than expected. Colloquial.

  • 「だけしか~ない」 = only…, nothing more. The sentence MUST end in the negative because 「しか」 always requires it.
  • This is an emphatic form: 「千円しかない」 already means “only a thousand yen,” and adding 「だけ」 to make 「千円だけしかない」 sounds even more regretful.
  • Because the meanings overlap, formal writing usually uses only 「しか~ない」 or 「だけだ」 — not both together.

Examples

  • Today I could only study for one hour.

  • He eats nothing but curry.

Keep in mind

  • The sentence must end with a negative.
  • In written Japanese, it's often shortened to just 「しか~ない」.

Common mistakes

  • Wrong一(いち)時間(じかん)だけしか勉強(べんきょう)しました。

    I only managed to study for one hour.

    Correct一(いち)時間(じかん)だけしか勉強(べんきょう)できませんでした。

    「しか」 must end the sentence in the negative.

  • Wrong報告(ほうこく)書(しょ)には結論(けつろん)だけしか書(か)いた。

    In the report, I only wrote the conclusion section.

    Correct報告(ほうこく)書(しょ)には結論(けつろん)しか書(か)かなかった。

    Besides missing the negative, formal writing should be shortened to 「しか~ない」.

Exam tips

  • 「だけしか~ない」 = only… (emphatic); always ends in the negative.

Related patterns

All N3 grammar →