Japanese grammar

What does ~にちがいない mean? Japanese grammar N3

~にちがいない means must be ~; definitely ~ (strong deduction based on evidence).

Quick facts
Level (estimated, JLPT framework)N3
Structure普通形 + にちがいない
Aな/N (drop だ) + にちがいない
Romajinichigainai
Meaningmust be ~; definitely ~ (strong deduction based on evidence)

Forming it

Noun犯人 + にちがいない
Verbいる + にちがいない
na-adjective大変 + にちがいない

How to use it

The speaker strongly infers that something is almost certainly true, based on evidence or intuition.

  • 「~にちがいない」 expresses the speaker's STRONG inference that something is almost certainly true, based on evidence or intuition: “must be, surely is”.
  • A higher degree of certainty than 「~だろう/かもしれない」, but still a subjective judgment, not a confirmed fact.
  • Close to 「~はずだ」, but 「にちがいない」 is confident based on feeling/evidence, while 「はずだ」 is derived from logical reasoning.

Examples

  • The light is on; someone must be there.

  • These footprints must belong to a dog.

Keep in mind

  • な-adjectives and nouns drop 「だ」 before 「にちがいない」 (犯人にちがいない).
  • Polite form: 「にちがいありません」.

Common mistakes

  • Wrong彼(かれ)は犯人(はんにん)だにちがいない。

    He is definitely the culprit.

    Correct彼(かれ)は犯人(はんにん)にちがいない。

    Nouns drop 「だ」 before 「にちがいない」 (犯人にちがいない).

  • Wrong明日(あした)は雨(あめ)にちがいないかもしれない。

    It will definitely rain tomorrow.

    Correct明日(あした)は雨(あめ)にちがいない。

    「にちがいない」 (certain) contradicts 「かもしれない」 (possible); they're not used together.

Exam tips

  • 「にちがいない」 = confident inference (subjective); nouns/na-adjectives drop 「だ」.

Related patterns

All N3 grammar →