Japanese grammar

What does ~にあっては mean? Japanese grammar N1

~にあっては means in the circumstance of…; in the era of….

Quick facts
Level (estimated, JLPT framework)N1
StructureN (circumstance) + にあっては
Romajiniatteha
Meaningin the circumstance of…; in the era of…

Forming it

Noun (era)戦時 + にあっては
Noun (situation)非常時 + にあっては

How to use it

States a special context/circumstance as the backdrop for an event. Formal writing.

  • 「~にあっては」 states a special CONTEXT/era: “in the time of..., in the circumstance of...”. The latter clause states what is true in that context.
  • The noun is usually a major era/situation: 戦時・非常時・不況・現代.
  • Formal writing; conversation uses 「~では」.

Examples

  • In a crisis, ordinary common sense does not apply.

  • In this recession, new hiring is difficult.

Keep in mind

  • A noun indicating a circumstance or period, not used for a specific place.
  • Formal/literary style.

Common mistakes

  • Wrong教室(きょうしつ)にあっては、静(しず)かにしてください。

    In the classroom, please be quiet.

    Correct教室(きょうしつ)では、静(しず)かにしてください。

    「にあっては」 states a CONTEXT/era, not used for a specific physical place (use 「では」).

  • Wrong非常時(ひじょうじ)にあって、常識(じょうしき)が通(つう)じない。

    In an emergency, common sense doesn't apply.

    Correct非常時(ひじょうじ)にあっては、常識(じょうしき)が通(つう)じない。

    The form that states a backdrop includes 「は」: 「にあっては」 (「にあって」 has a slightly different meaning, leaning adverbial).

Exam tips

  • 「にあっては」 = in that context/era...; not used for a specific physical place.

Related patterns

All N1 grammar →