Japanese grammar

What does ~べく mean? Japanese grammar N1

~べく means in order to; for the purpose of (formal).

Quick facts
Level (estimated, JLPT framework)N1
Structure動詞 辞書形 + べく
する → すべく
Romajibeku
Meaningin order to; for the purpose of (formal)

Forming it

Verb合格する + べく
Verb (suru)解決 + すべく

How to use it

States a formal purpose: doing B in order to achieve A. Literary.

  • 「~べく」 = "in order to A" (purpose), formal: 「合格すべく努力する」 (working hard in order to pass).
  • 「する」 → 「すべく」 (or 「するべく」).
  • The following clause is an action directed toward the purpose; it's not used with direct wishes/commands.

Examples

  • In order to pass the exam, I study every day.

  • They held a meeting in order to solve the problem.

Keep in mind

  • Dictionary form of a verb + べく.
  • 「する」 → 「すべく」.

Common mistakes

  • Wrong合格(ごうかく)するべく、頑張(がんば)ってください。

    In order to pass, I will work hard.

    Correct合格(ごうかく)すべく、努力(どりょく)する。

    「べく」 is formal; the following clause is an action by the subject directed toward the purpose, not a command/request.

  • Wrong問題(もんだい)を解決(かいけつ)するべく、対策(たいさく)を練(ね)った。

    In order to solve the problem, I devised a countermeasure.

    Correct問題(もんだい)を解決(かいけつ)すべく、対策(たいさく)を練(ね)った。

    「する」 shortens to 「すべく」 (the standard literary form).

Exam tips

  • 「べく」 = in order to (purpose, formal); 「する」→「すべく」.

Related patterns

All N1 grammar →