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What Is Nenmatsu Chōsei? The Paperwork That Decides Your December Paycheck

In November your company hands you a confusing form. Fill it out right, and money comes back in December.

What Is Nenmatsu Chōsei? The Paperwork That Decides Your December Paycheck
  • Nenmatsu chōsei reconciles the gap between tax withheld monthly and the actual tax owed for the year.
  • It applies to employees who worked all year, or started mid-year and are still employed at year-end.
  • Annual salary over 20 million yen is excluded — that group must file its own tax return.

What year-end tax settlement is

Each month, your company withholds income tax before transferring your salary. The amount withheld is just an estimate based on a preset table.

That's because, at the time, the company doesn't yet know your actual annual income, whether you have dependents, or whether you're paying any extra insurance.

Year-end adjustment (nenmatsu chōsei) is the procedure that reconciles the total tax withheld during the year against the tax actually owed — refunding any excess or collecting any shortfall.

Most salaried employees get money back, because the monthly withholding table tends to overestimate. That's why the December paycheck is often bigger than usual.

Who qualifies, who doesn't

This applies to employees who worked all year, and to those who started mid-year but are still employed at year-end.

Not eligible: people whose total annual salary exceeds 20 million yen. This group must file its own tax return.

There's another group that gets the year-end adjustment done mid-year instead of in December: those leaving due to an overseas transfer, those leaving due to a serious disability, and a few other cases.

What you need to do

What's the deadline for submitting the year-end adjustment documents?

Usually all you need to do is fill out two or three forms (dependents, insurance, basic deduction) and submit them with your insurance certificates by the deadline your company sets — usually in November.

Forgetting to list a dependent or forgetting to submit an insurance certificate means real money lost — and fixing it afterward requires filing your own tax return.

Words in this article

年末調整ねんまつちょうせい
year-end tax adjustment
源泉徴収げんせんちょうしゅう
withholding at source
所得税しょとくぜい
income tax
確定申告かくていしんこく
self-filed tax return
扶養控除ふようこうじょ
dependent deduction
還付かんぷ
tax refund
書類しょるい
documents

Notes

This article was checked on September 20, 2026 against the National Tax Agency's explainer page.

Thresholds and rules change year to year — check the original page before filing season.

Source: 国税庁 (20 Sept 2026)