← All articles

Requesting Leave and Calling in Sick

Leave is a right, but how you ask and hand over makes everyone comfortable.

Requesting Leave and Calling in Sick
  • Six months of work and 80% attendance earns 10 days of annual leave; those with 10 or more days must take at least 5 a year.
  • Ask your superior early; 「私用のため」 is enough as a reason.
  • For sick leave, call before work, hand over urgent tasks, and apologize and thank on your return.

Taking leave is a right, but how you say it matters

Under Japanese law, a person who has worked continuously for six months or more and attended at least eighty percent of the scheduled working days is given ten days of paid leave a year. After that the number grows with years of service.

Paid leave is a worker's right, and there is no duty to explain the reason in detail. Since 2019 there is also a rule that people with ten or more days of leave must take at least five days a year.

Even so, in practice many people hesitate to ask because they don't want to inconvenience those around them. That is exactly why early notice and polite wording help.

Some companies let you take paid leave in half-days or by the hour. Companies may also set their own holidays, such as summer or year-end and New Year breaks, so it helps to check the work rules.

Applying for leave

Once you have decided the day you want, talk to your direct superior as early as possible. Avoid your company's busy periods and check the team's schedule before applying; that makes a refusal less likely.

If you are asked the reason, 「私用のため」 (for personal reasons) is enough. You do not have to explain the details.

Sample dialogue: asking for time off

Staff member: “Section chief, I'm sorry to interrupt when you are busy. I would like to take paid leave on the 15th of next month. Would that be all right?”

Section chief: “The 15th. Wait a moment... There are no particular meetings that day, so that's fine.”

Staff member: “Thank you. I will hand over my work properly before I go. For emergencies I have asked Mr. Suzuki.”

Once the leave is settled, let the people concerned know by email. Writing 「十月十五日は休暇をいただいております。ご不便をおかけしますが、よろしくお願いいたします」 is enough.

When you suddenly feel unwell

When you must take a sudden day off due to illness or injury, the basic rule is to call your superior by phone before work starts. An email or chat alone might go unnoticed. Some companies allow email, so check your own company's rule.

Staff member: “Good morning, this is Nguyen. I have had a fever since last night, so I would like to take today off. Would that be all right?”

Section chief: “That's rough. Don't push yourself; please rest well. How about your work, is it all right?”

Staff member: “I apologize. For today's ten o'clock meeting, I will ask Mr. Suzuki whether he could cover for me. The materials are in the shared folder.”

If asked why you are absent, say it briefly and concretely, such as 「発熱のため」 or 「体調不良のため」. If you are off for several days, you may be asked for a medical certificate.

A word when you come back

When you return, say in your morning greeting, 「先日は急にお休みをいただき、ご迷惑をおかけしました。おかげさまで、すっかり良くなりました」. Do not forget to thank individually the person who covered for you.

Forcing yourself to come in before you have recovered can end up spreading illness to those around you, so it is better to avoid it.

Words in this article

休暇きゅうか
leave, holiday
有給休暇ゆうきゅうきゅうか
paid leave
出勤しゅっきん
attending work
欠席けっせき
absence
申請しんせい
application
引き継ぐひきつぐ
to hand over, to take over
体調たいちょう
physical condition
迷惑めいわく
trouble, inconvenience

Taking leave is not selfish; it is necessary to keep working over the long term. Early notice, a handover and words of thanks: with these three you can rest with an easy mind. Prepare so that you can return with a smile and say 「ただいま戻りました」.