Japanese grammar

What does ~かなあ mean? Japanese grammar N4

~かなあ means I wonder ~; I'm not sure if ~.

Quick facts
Level (estimated, JLPT framework)N4
StructurePlain form + かなあ
na-adjective/noun (drop だ) + かなあ
Romajikanaa
MeaningI wonder ~; I'm not sure if ~

Forming it

ConnectionCasual verb + かなあ, i-adjective + かなあ, (na-adjective/Noun) + (だ) + かなあ

How to use it

Musing or wondering to yourself. Stretching 「かな」 into 「かなあ」 makes the tone more wistful.

  • Gender-neutral, used by both men and women; 「かしら」 leans feminine.
  • Combined with the ない form it becomes a wish: 「早く来ないかなあ」 = I wish they'd come soon.

Examples

  • I wonder if it’ll rain tomorrow.

  • I wonder if this cake is any good.

  • I wonder if it will be sunny tomorrow.

Keep in mind

  • Spoken language; written language uses 「~だろうか」.

Common mistakes

  • Wrong明日(あした)、雨(あめ)が降(お)りますかなあ。

    I wonder if it will rain tomorrow.

    Correct明日(あした)、雨(あめ)が降(ふ)るかなあ。

    Before 「かなあ」, use the PLAIN form, not the ます form.

  • Wrongこのケーキ、おいしいだかなあ。

    I wonder if this cake is any good.

    Correctこのケーキ、おいしいかなあ。

    i-adjectives do not attach 「だ」 before 「かなあ」.

  • Wrongこれは大丈夫(だいじょうぶ)だかなあ。

    I wonder if this is okay.

    Correctこれは大丈夫(だいじょうぶ)かなあ。

    After nouns and na-adjectives, 「だ」 must be dropped.

  • Wrong部長(ぶちょう)、この資料(しりょう)でいいかなあ。

    Department manager, is this document alright?

    Correct部長(ぶちょう)、この資料(しりょう)でよろしいでしょうか。

    「かなあ」 is a self-muttering expression, not used to ask someone above you.

Exam tips

  • かなあ is neutral; かしら leans feminine.

Related patterns

All N4 grammar →