Japanese grammar

What does ~ように (as, in the manner of) mean? Japanese grammar N3

~ように (as, in the manner of) means like…; as…; in the manner of… (comparison, manner).

Quick facts
Level (estimated, JLPT framework)N3
StructureNの + ように
Vる/Vた + ように
い形 + ように
Romajiyouni
Meaninglike…; as…; in the manner of… (comparison, manner)

Forming it

Noun鳥 → 鳥のように
Verb言った → 言ったように

How to use it

States a model for comparison or a way of doing something. Modifies a verb or adjective.

  • Comparison: 「彼は鳥のように歌う」. A noun MUST have 「の」.
  • As a manner: 「私が言ったようにやってください」 — close to 「とおりに」, but 「ように」 is softer, allowing slight deviation, whereas 「とおりに」 demands an exact match.
  • When modifying a noun, it changes to 「ような」: 「氷のような手」.

Examples

  • He sings with a beautiful voice like a bird.

  • As I explained a moment ago, there are three steps.

Keep in mind

  • Nouns connect with 「の」.
  • When modifying a noun, use 「ような」.

Common mistakes

  • Wrong彼(かれ)は鳥(とり)ように歌(うた)う。

    He sings like a bird.

    Correct彼(かれ)は鳥(とり)のように歌(うた)う。

    A noun must connect through 「の」.

  • Wrong彼女(かのじょ)は氷(こおり)のように手(て)が冷(つめ)たい人(ひと)だ。

    She is a person with hands as cold as ice.

    Correct彼女(かのじょ)は氷(こおり)のような手(て)をした人(ひと)だ。

    Modifying a noun uses 「ような」.

Exam tips

  • 「ように」 for comparison/manner; N + の, and modifying a noun is 「ような」.

Related patterns

All N3 grammar →