Japanese grammar

What does ~にかわって mean? Japanese grammar N3

~にかわって means on behalf of ~; in place of ~.

Quick facts
Level (estimated, JLPT framework)N3
StructureN + にかわって
N + にかわり(written form)
Romajinikawatte
Meaningon behalf of ~; in place of ~

Forming it

Replacement手紙 → 手紙にかわってメールが主流になった
Substituting for a person父 → 父にかわって

How to use it

Two meanings: (a) doing something in someone's place; (b) something new replaces something old (a shift of the times).

  • Meaning (a) ON BEHALF OF: 「病気の父にかわって、私が式に出席した」. The subject is the person acting in someone's place.
  • Meaning (b) REPLACEMENT: 「手紙にかわって、メールが使われるようになった」 — the latter takes the place of the former.
  • Different from 「かわりに」 (N3-074): 「かわりに」 also has the meaning of a trade-off (gaining one thing while losing another), while 「にかわって」 only means replacement.

Examples

  • I attended the ceremony on behalf of my sick father.

  • In place of letters, email has become the main means of contact.

Keep in mind

  • The particle used is 「に」.
  • 「にかわり」 is used in written language.

Common mistakes

  • Wrong父(ちち)がかわって、私(わたし)が出席(しゅっせき)します。

    I'm attending in place of my father.

    Correct父(ちち)にかわって、私(わたし)が出席(しゅっせき)します。

    The person being substituted for takes 「に」.

  • Wrong駅(えき)に近(ちか)いにかわって、家賃(やちん)が高(たか)い。

    It's close to the station, but in exchange the rent is expensive.

    Correct駅(えき)に近(ちか)いかわりに、家賃(やちん)が高(たか)い。

    The trade-off meaning belongs to 「かわりに」; 「にかわって」 is only used for replacement.

Exam tips

  • 「にかわって」 = on behalf of / replacing (uses 「に」); a trade-off uses 「かわりに」.

Related patterns

All N3 grammar →