Japanese grammar
What does ~際(に) mean? Japanese grammar N2
~際(に) means when…; on the occasion of… (formal).
| Level (estimated, JLPT framework) | N2 |
|---|---|
| Structure | Vる/Vた + 際(に) Nの + 際(に) |
| Romaji | sai(ni) |
| Meaning | when…; on the occasion of… (formal) |
Forming it
| Noun | 出発 → 出発の際に |
|---|---|
| Verb | 利用する → ご利用の際は |
How to use it
States the time of doing something FORMAL or procedural. A polite version of 「とき」.
- 「際に」 = when…: 「ご利用の際は、身分証をご提示ください」 — very common in instructions and announcements.
- The accompanying action must be an INTENTIONAL, procedural act (利用・申し込み・出発・来店); for a natural disaster or an unintended event, use 「場合」 or 「とき」.
- A noun connects with 「の」. Close to 「折には」 (N2-223) but 「際に」 is more neutral and used more broadly in writing.
Examples
ご利用の際は、身分証明書をご提示ください。
When using this service, please present your ID.
出発の際に、パスポートをお忘れなく。
When departing, please do not forget your passport.
Keep in mind
- Used for an intentional/procedural action.
- A noun attaches with 「の」.
Common mistakes
-
Wrong地震が起こる際に、すぐ避難してください。
In the event of an earthquake, please evacuate immediately.
Correct地震が起きた場合は、すぐ避難してください。
For an unintended event like a natural disaster, use 「場合」, not 「際」.
-
Wrong出発際に、連絡します。
I will get in touch when departing.
Correct出発の際に、連絡します。
A noun connects via 「の」.
Exam tips
- 「際に」 = when (procedural, formal); for unintended events use 「場合」.