Japanese grammar

What does ~際(に) mean? Japanese grammar N2

~際(に) means when…; on the occasion of… (formal).

Quick facts
Level (estimated, JLPT framework)N2
StructureVる/Vた + 際(に)
Nの + 際(に)
Romajisai(ni)
Meaningwhen…; on the occasion of… (formal)

Forming it

Noun出発 → 出発の際に
Verb利用する → ご利用の際は

How to use it

States the time of doing something FORMAL or procedural. A polite version of 「とき」.

  • 「際に」 = when…: 「ご利用の際は、身分証をご提示ください」 — very common in instructions and announcements.
  • The accompanying action must be an INTENTIONAL, procedural act (利用・申し込み・出発・来店); for a natural disaster or an unintended event, use 「場合」 or 「とき」.
  • A noun connects with 「の」. Close to 「折には」 (N2-223) but 「際に」 is more neutral and used more broadly in writing.

Examples

  • When using this service, please present your ID.

  • When departing, please do not forget your passport.

Keep in mind

  • Used for an intentional/procedural action.
  • A noun attaches with 「の」.

Common mistakes

  • Wrong地震(じしん)が起(お)こる際(さい)に、すぐ避難(ひなん)してください。

    In the event of an earthquake, please evacuate immediately.

    Correct地震(じしん)が起(お)きた場合(ばあい)は、すぐ避難(ひなん)してください。

    For an unintended event like a natural disaster, use 「場合」, not 「際」.

  • Wrong出発(しゅっぱつ)際(さい)に、連絡(れんらく)します。

    I will get in touch when departing.

    Correct出発(しゅっぱつ)の際(さい)に、連絡(れんらく)します。

    A noun connects via 「の」.

Exam tips

  • 「際に」 = when (procedural, formal); for unintended events use 「場合」.

Related patterns

All N2 grammar →