Japanese grammar

What does A。そこで B。 mean? Japanese grammar N2

A。そこで B。 means given that situation, (I/we) therefore….

Quick facts
Level (estimated, JLPT framework)N2
StructureSentence A。そこで、sentence B。
RomajiA.sokode B.
Meaninggiven that situation, (I/we) therefore…

Forming it

Response店が混んでいた。そこで、別の店にした。

How to use it

Facing situation A, one PROACTIVELY does B to deal with it. The second clause is a deliberate, willed action.

  • 「そこで」 = so I went ahead and... The second clause MUST be a deliberate action: 「レストランが混んでいた。そこで、別の店に行った」.
  • Different from 「すると」 (B happens on its own) and 「それで」 (states a result, whether natural or deliberate).
  • Since the second clause is an action already taken, it is usually in the た form; it can also be used for an intention: 「そこで、今晩勉強しようと思う」.

Examples

  • The restaurant was very crowded. So we decided to go elsewhere.

  • There is an exam tomorrow. So I started studying early tonight.

Keep in mind

  • The following clause is a willed action.
  • Not used for natural phenomena.

Common mistakes

  • Wrong雨(あめ)が降(ふ)った。そこで、道(みち)が濡(ぬ)れた。

    It rained. So the road got wet.

    Correct雨(あめ)が降(ふ)った。それで、道(みち)が濡(ぬ)れた。

    A subsequent natural phenomenon uses 「それで」; 「そこで」 requires a deliberate action.

  • Wrongそこで、私(わたし)は疲(つか)れてしまった。

    So I ended up exhausted.

    Correctそれで、私(わたし)は疲(つか)れてしまった。

    「疲れる」 (to get tired) is not a willed action.

Exam tips

  • 「そこで」 = so I went ahead and... (the second clause HAS intent/will); use 「それで」 for a natural result.

Related patterns

All N2 grammar →