Japanese grammar
What does ~以外の mean? Japanese grammar N2
~以外の means other than; except for.
| Level (estimated, JLPT framework) | N2 |
|---|---|
| Structure | N + 以外の + N/N + 以外に |
| Romaji | igaino |
| Meaning | other than; except for |
Forming it
| Connection | N + 以外の + N/N + 以外に |
|---|
How to use it
Excludes an object from the scope. As a modifier, use 「以外の+N」.
- 「N以外」 = other than N. As a modifier 「以外の+N」, as an adverbial 「以外に/以外は」.
- Combined with 「以外に~ない」 = there is nothing besides N (emphasizes exclusivity).
- Different from 「~のほか」 (besides N there's also more — includes N): 「以外」 EXCLUDES N.
Examples
田中さん以外の人は全員来ました。
Everyone except Mr. Tanaka came.
日本語以外に、韓国語も勉強しています。
Besides Japanese, I also study Korean.
Keep in mind
- 「以外」 excludes N; 「のほか」 includes N as well.
- As a modifier: 「以外の+N」.
Common mistakes
-
Wrong田中さん以外な人です。
Correct田中さん以外の人です。
以外 modifies a noun with の, not な.
Exam tips
- 「以外」 = other than N (EXCLUDES N); 「のほか」 includes N as well.